Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), resulting from the ethnic riots in West Kalimantan have been resettled by the Provincial Government in peatland areas. It seems that the resettlements of IDPs in peatland area are the cheapest option, but this policy would have created new problems in the long term. Peat is an extremely marginal resource for agriculture, and undervalued for its environmental functions.All new settlers have little or no experience at all in practicing peatland agriculture. The common and current method of peatland agriculture is the use of fire in order to gather woody and peat ash, which plays an important role in improving peat fertility. Although the use of fire is found to be beneficial in short term, it would not conserve the peatland. Through the European Union's Humanitarian Aid Office-funded Land Rehabilitation and Capacity Building project being implemented by International Organization for Migration (IOM) in Pontianak, the use of ocean mud, as an alternative for peat amelioration, has been introduced. This paper presents a best peatland agriculture practice, dissemination strategies and difficulties, and major factors that influence IDPs to adopt the introduced management scheme. It is expected that peatland conservation would secure income-generating activities and would allow the target beneficiaries opportunities for sustainable and environmentally-friendly livelihoods.