In 1997, the worst forest fire was occurred and burnt indonesia's land and forest, particularly in Sumatra and Kalimantan. This disaster has destructed more than 600 Ha peatlands /peatswamp forest. Mostly, after degraded by fire, peatlands use to abandoned. However, abandoned peatlands not only caused by fire, but it could be caused by the other reason, such as : ex-timber company (HPH), ex-timber estate HTI), lend cleared area, etc. Degraded peatlands has specific characteristics, such as low acidity; flooding characteristic; low accessibility. These are the main constraints will be faced in the term of rehabilitation (restoration) efforts. Only certain and limited species inhabit peatlands and available to be planted. Some research and planting trial were carried out in order to determine rehabilitation techniques but so far, the result is still not success. Ex-burnt and degraded peatlands need different treatment and silviculture techniques for rehabilitation purposes. This is depend on degradation level and specific condition in the fields, such as vegetation type; succession level; flooding characteristic; etc. Meanwhile, community is the important and potential stake holder should be involved in rehabilitation. Unfortunately, people surrounding degraded area didn't have experience in planting tree. Almost all of them are farmer, fisherman, trader, and logger. This condition identified as social and technical constraints.One of alternatives to solve this problem is manual silviculture, which contain the guideline of rehabilitation activities. Manual silviculture hold the important role to give knowledge about general rehabilitation activities, detail techniques in seedling production; land preparation; planting; and tending. In the future, they will have skill in rehabilitation. Manual designed very simple and detail, thus people can learn and implement this easily.

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